Blanket Flower (Gaillardia aristata) – Yellow flowers with red centers. – Plants grow 2 to 3 feet tall and have flower spikes in white, pink, or purple from July through September. Habit. Agricultural Experiment StationNDSU Extension Service. oz./gallon of water) and will provide some residual seedling control. Allow the plants to dry out, then burn if possible. The flowers are arranged on a spike, which can be a few inches to 3 feet long. The garden varieties of purple loosestrife were sold by many cultivar names including Morden Pink, Drop-more Purple, and Morden Gleam. – Bell shaped flowers. Its 50 stems are four-angled and glabrous to pubescent. However, since the largest infestations in North Dakota are in urban areas, mosquito control programs have kept these insects from becoming well established. Best in well drained soil with full sun. N.D. //"+imgTitle+"

"); Regardless of the herbicide applied, the infested areas should be monitored to ensure that purple loosestrife does not reinfest from root or seed. Likely the best overall replacement plant. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 4 inches long, and mostly opposite or in whorls of 3 (which may appear alternately arranged). Many tall stems can grow from a … 2019 Status in Maine: Widespread.Very Invasive. var imgWidth = dom_i.query(this).css("width") == undefined ? var imgAlt = dom_i.query(this).attr("alt") == undefined ? '' Figure 1. Important: Only Garlon 3A formulation is labeled for use in wetland sites. Overview Information Purple loosestrife is a plant. Rodney G. Lym, Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University. Homepage; Broadleaf; Grasslike; Other; purple loosestrife. Garlon is a selective broadleaf herbicide that will not kill cattail or other desirable monocot species. : dom_i.query(this).css("margin-left").trim(); Purple cone flower (Echinacea purpurea) – Drought tolerant, a daisy like flower which blooms from mid-summer to frost with white to purple or red flowers. Best in full sun. Student Focused. Known purple loosestrife infestations in North Dakota are small and generally found in or downstream of urban areas. rainbow weed. } Seedlings have ovate hairless cotyledons 3-6 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Eliminating the entire vegetative cover will promote purple loosestrife seed germination, which can result in an increase in plant density rather than control. count = count+1; dom.query('img').each(function(){ Native to North America. Take care to prevent further seed spread from clothing or equipment during the removal process. Identification: Purple loosestrife is an erect, perennial herb, with a candelabrum of flowering branches at the top of the plant. Roundup and similar glyphosate formulations can be used to remove purple loosestrife from large plantings or infestations away from water. oz./gallon of water) at bloom or shortly thereafter. Compact cultivars are available and include ‘Walkers Low’ and ‘Kit Kat’. Its purpose is to encourage the identification and reporting of these species to the Commissioner in order to facilitate the collection of information to assist the Commissioner in determining which species should be designated as noxious weeds. Of these insects, the two Galerucella spp. It is important to dispose of the plants away from the water. Three biocontrol insect species were first released in North Dakota in 1997 and include: Galerucella pusilla — a leaf-feeding beetleGalerucella calmariensis — a leaf-feeding beetleHylobius transversovittatus — a root-mining weevil. Bugbane or Black Snakeroot (Cimicifuga racemosa) – Grows 3 to 5 feet tall with 4 to 6 foot ivory-white flower spikes in late summer. The most identifiable characteristic of purple loosestrife is the striking rose to purple colored flowers (Figure 4). Grows 2 to 3 three feet tall and prefers partial shade and moist growing conditions. The recommendation for purple loosestrife was based upon this literature review [PDF] developed by the department. dom_i.query('img','.centerColImg').each(function(){ imgMarginRight = imgMarginRight.replace("px",""); Wild infestations are associated with moist or marshy sites. if (imgTitle != '') { Infestations growing along streams or in marshy areas may require specialized equipment and application by trained professionals. dom_i.query(document).ready(function(){ This method is most useful on garden plantings or young infestations. Heliopsis (Heliopsis spp.) spiked loosestrife. Description: Robust, perennial herb, 4-6', base of mature plant feels woody.Leaves: Simple, opposite or whorled, lanceolate to oblong, entire, sessile. var imgMarginLeft = dom_i.query(this).css("margin-left") == undefined ? '' Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) – Scarlet red flowers from early to late summer. NRCS Home | USDA.gov | Site Map | Civil Rights | FOIA | Plain Writing | Accessibility Statement, Policy and Links| Non-Discrimination Statement | Information Quality | USA.gov | WhiteHouse.gov The adults and especially the larvae feed on the leaves and flowers of purple loosestrife (Figure 5). dom_i.query(this).attr("title",imgAlt); Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. Loosestrife family (Lythraceae) NATIVE RANGE Eurasia; throughout Great Britain, and across central and southern Europe to central Russia, Japan, Manchuria China, southeast Asia and northern India DESCRIPTION Purple loosestrife is an erect perennial herb in the loosestrife family, with a square, Small infestations can be controlled by removing all roots and underground stems. var imgMarginBottom = dom_i.query(this).css("margin-bottom") == undefined ? '' : dom_i.query(this).attr("alt").trim(); Removal of purple loosestrife is the only way to prevent the plant’s spread into North Dakota wetlands (Figure 6). The flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by bees and flies. The flowering parts are used as medicine. For current information on herbicides, see the latest Noxious and Troublesome Weeds section of W253 “North Dakota Weed Control Guide.”. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum and any combination thereof) is listed as a MDA Prohibited Noxious Weed (Control List) and a prohibited invasive species in Minnesota, which means it is unlawful (a misdemeanor) to possess, import, purchase, transport or introduce this species except under a permit for disposal, control, research or education. 10 : dom_i.query(this).css("margin-top").trim(); dom_i.query(this).css("float","none"); Minimize overspray to open water. /*dom.query(document).ready(function(){ Learn more about Purple Loosestrife. A variety of sprayers, including backpack sprayers and boat-mounted sprayers, can be used to control purple loosestrife in aquatic sites. Some leaf bases are heart-shaped and may clasp the main stem. Purple Loosestrife has been planted widely for its beauty. imgMarginLeft = imgMarginLeft.replace("px",""); if(imgMarginRight.indexOf("px") > 0){ var imgMarginTop = dom_i.query(this).css("margin-top") == undefined ? Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria. The flowers are magenta, and they are found on tall, narrow spikes from July to October. Grows best in full sun. The roots become thick and woody in mature plants. Land Grant. There are many horticultural varieties, all of which (contrary to popular opinion) are fertile and can spread seeds and/or pollen. }else{ MI-Purple (Loosestrife) Pages (MSU) (LYSA2) MN-Invasive Exotic Species (DNR) (LYSA2) ND-Identification and Control of Purple Loosestrife (LYSA2) NPCI Alien Plant Working Group: abstract & image (LYSA2) NV-Extension Weed Wanted Posters (LYSA2) National Project for the Biological Control of Purple Loosestrife (LYSA2) With approximately 2.7 million seeds produced per plant, purple loosestrife has the potential to spread rapidly once established in an area. Spread of purple loosestrife is primarily by seed, but the plant can also spread vegetatively from stem cuttings. `May Night’ and `Crystal Blue’ are good choices for North Dakota gardens. Native to North America. Following several summers of heavy feeding, purple loosestrife infestations have been greatly reduced. Weed Identification. Salvia (Salvia nemorosa, S. x sylvestris) – Drought resistant, hardy perennial. Purple loosestrife - identification • Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) • a dicot in the Lythraceae family • Perennial herb, 2-9 ft. tall • Taproot and spreading root stock • Leaves opposite (or whorls of 3), lanceolate, up to 4” long • Flowers in dense spike, magenta • Branched stems are square (sometimes six-sided) Purple }); Invasive Species Identification Sheet - Purple Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) herbaceous perennial with woody taproot that produces clusters of many stems 3'-10' tall above-ground parts die back over Winter; dead stems may remain standing over Winter State law requires all plants to be removed to prevent this plant from becoming a major weed problem in the wetlands of the state. Garlon can be applied in dryland sites but should not be used in landscapes or flower beds because soil residual of the herbicide may prevent establishment of other horticultural plants. Small areas can be dug by hand. These insects overwinter as adults and lay eggs in early June in North Dakota. To prevent spread into aquatic sites, all purple loosestrife plantings are required by state law to be removed. Spray dye added to the tank may be useful to ensure uniform application to purple loosestrife with minimal herbicide applied to desirable plants. dom.query(this).attr("alt") : dom.query(this).attr("title").trim(); Purple loosestrife is a vigorous competitor and can crowd out other vegetation including native species. : dom_i.query(this).attr("title").trim(); Identification and Control Information (each will open in a new window) Maine Invasive Plants: Purple Loosestrife [PDF]—University of Maine Cooperative Extension ; Tips for Managing Purple Loosestrife [PDF]—Maine Integrated Pest Management Council; Species Identification Card: Purple Loosestrife [PDF]—Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Vital Signs Program Habitat Purple loosestrife grows in a variety of wet habitats, including wet meadows, marshes, river banks, and the edges of ponds and reservoirs. These garden cultivars were thought to be sterile but have now been shown to cross-pollinate with the wild Lythrum type and sometimes with other Lythrum cultivars. Dense stands of purple loosestrife threaten plant and animal diversity. The size and location of a specific infestation will determine the best control methods. 10 : dom_i.query(this).css("margin-right").trim(); Pulling purple loosestrife by hand is easiest when plants are young (up to two years) or in sand. Flowers: In long, crowded spikes, deep pink-purple, 5-7 petals, ½-¾" wide, mid-late summer in Maine.Asynchronous flowering - bottom of spikes open first. Leaves are simple (0.75 to 4 inches long, 0.2 to 0.5 inches wide), entire, and can be opposite or whorled. var dom_i = {}; It was first introduced into North America in the early 1800s for ornamental and medicinal purposes. Purple loosestrife is a rhizomatous perennial forb introduced to North America from Eurasia and Africa. Purple-loosestrife can be found in wet habitats, such as reedbeds, fens, marshes and riverbanks, where its impressive spikes of magenta flowers rise up among the grasses. Under optimum conditions, a small isolated group of purple loosestrife plants can spread to cover aquatic sites in just one growing season (Figure 3). – Black-eyed Susan is a short growing example. Penstemon, beard-tongue (Penstemon spp.) } imgWidth = imgWidth.replace("px",""); The aerial shoots die in the fall and new shoots arise the following spring from buds at the top of the root crown. This highly invasive plant was likely introduced when its seeds were included in soil used as ballast in European sailing ships and discarded in North America. The stems are erect (1.5 to 8 or more feet tall), four to six angled, and can be smooth or pubescent with few branches. Check out the Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) fact sheet; Learn about Purple loosestrife identification; Wisconsin DNR has been using four of its insect enemies, also from Europe, to control it here since 1994. A 2,4-D formulation labeled for use near water applied as a 2% solution (2 gallons 2,4-D per 100 gallons of water) or (2.6 fl. Habitats include wet meadows or fields, stream and river banks, flood plains, ponds, lakes, tidal and non-tidal marshes and human-created habitat such as ditches. Russian sage (Perovskia artriplicifolia) – Grows to 2 to 5 feet tall and wide with feathery spires of purple flowers from mid-summer to frost. If you currently have a cultivar of purple loosestrife growing in your garden or in a public planting, state law requires the plants be removed. [CDATA[ dom_i.query(this).after("

"); Figure 3. Figure 4. Purple Loosestrife may be distinguished from other species of Lythrum by its stems that end in dense, showy flower spikes. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is a woody half-shrub, wetland perennial that has the ability to out-compete most native species in BC’s wetland ecosystems. dom_i.query(this).css("margin","0"); Dense purple loosesrife infestation on the Sheyenne River at Valley City in 1997 (top) when Galerucella spp. It can tolerate changing water depths. } With the Rodeo or Glypro formulations, a nonionic surfactant approved for aquatic sites at 0.25% vol/vol must be added to the spray solution. The purple-red flowers have six petals appearing in circles around the square stalks. It can quickly dominate a site and adapt to environmental changes. Aromatic foliage, gray-green sage color. Can grow three to seven feet tall and will have multiple stems growing from a … The most destructive impact of purple loosestrife invasions is on the ecology of aquatic sites. Identification Leaves: Simple, lance-shaped and do not have petioles. salicaire. Purple loosestrife was brought to North America from Europe as a decorative plant and for medicinal purposes about 200 years ago. Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria. Small segments of purple loosestrife stems can become rooted and reestablish the infestation. It has opposite leaves that are long and narrow with pointed tips, smooth edges, and heart-shaped bases that connect directly to the plant stem with no leaf stalks. It is difficult to remove all of the roots in a single digging, so monitor the area for several growing seasons to ensure that purple loosestrife has not regrown from roots or seed. if(imgTitle != ''){ dom_i.query = jQuery.noConflict(true); Purple loosestrife invades wetland areas and displaces native plants, such as cattails shown here. Lythrum plants were brought to North Dakota for flower gardens because of their striking color, ease of growth, winter hardiness, and lack of insect or disease problems. The purple loosestrife stand was eliminated and native cattails predominated by 2004. Plant grows 2 to 3 feet tall with blue to violet flowers on spikes in June and again in August. Excellent choice for near ponds or streams. Small infestations can be controlled by removing all roots and underground stems. } Native to North America. Glyphosate will provide good control of purple loosestrife when applied from July to early September. Removal of all plant material is important. leaf feeding beetles have been most successful. In addition, overall waterfowl production decreases as suitable nesting habitat is eliminated. Larger infestations require treatment with herbicides and/or biological control agents. For example, songbirds do not consume the small hard seed. Will tolerate heat and survives in poor soils. These infestations can be traced to escapes from public or private horticultural plantings, often from seed that finds its way to streams and rivers through storm drains.Purple loosestrife was added to the North Dakota Noxious Weed list in 1996 after it was found on 37 acres in 11 counties. The cultivar ‘Royal Candles’ is a prolific bloomer and has a compact form. IDENTIFICATION PURPLE Loosestrife A CONTINUING THREAT TO WISCONSIN’S WETLANDS AND WATERWAYS 3-9 ft. in height flowers in a spike; closely attached to stem 5-6 petals per flower stiff, four-sided, upright stem opposite leaf arrangement Pickerel Weed: Pontederia cordata The seed capsule is two celled and contains many very small seeds (1 mm long or less). Purple loosestrife can be cut or pulled without a permit in Minnesota. Plant height ranges from 30 to 60 inches depending upon the cultivar. Spike speedwell (Veronica spicata) – Shorter growing (18 inches) than others listed with dense blue, white, or pink flowers on a spike. Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia spp.) Grows 3 to 4 feet tall and flowers in mid-summer. The plant was sold in North Dakota by its genus name Lythrum for at least 50 years. Purple loosestrife has square stems, which help to tell it apart from some of the look-alikes that grow in the same areas. 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