Begin The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. An early copy of the Burmese Declaration of Independence, barring signatures. Fighting went on over the course of 14 months, culminating in the Provisional Government of Burma signing onto the Indian ceasefire, which left the conflicts in both India and Burma at an uneasy standstill. The Kachin War was a long bush war between the Burmese government and the pro-independence rebels in its Kachin Province.In the end, the province gained independence as the Republic of Kachin. Wars between the kingdoms — as well as Lan Sang, which would one day become Laos, the Burmese Kingdom and Cambodia — were frequent and bloody, with kingdoms rising and falling. The zealous youth were eager to follow the example of the Indian Revolt and mimic its revolutionary justice. This cycle of vengeance around Mandalay culminated in the murder of two white policemen in April, provoking the garrison chief to act against Craddock's order to stay put and stay cautious, instead choosing to pursue a policy of summary execution for suspected rebels. The British soldiers fought to keep the railroads and riverways open, a task which proved difficult as Burmese rebels soon began sabotaging the train tracks, damming the rivers, or simply just blowing up the trains and river ferries. Not only had British forces been almost completely pushed out of Assam and into the Chin Hills by the Azad Hind, now the Burmese had risen up and seized the administrative capital of the Province of Burma. At 8:30 A.M. the groundbreaking ceremony at the center of Mahabandoola Garden was held to construct the independence monument. On the 4th of January, 1925, in the Western Calendar, the Burmese Declaration of Independence was formally issued. Study Flashcards On Declaration of Independence at Cram.com. Read the Declaration of Independence as presented on July 4, 1776. N early every nation that went through a revolution has a founding manifesto. Whilst this was enough to further embolden the rebels, some members of the nationalist movement recommended to hold off on formally declaring a Burmese Republic until Rangoon had been fully liberated, or at least until the rebels had seized the other main administrative centre, the Government Secretariat. Officials in the Civil Service, as well as village headmen who had pro-British leanings were swiftly targeted by mob violence. How is Myanmar Independence Day celebrated? The Rangoon Field Brigade at the Monkey Point Artillery Battery was also reinforced, but the battle seemed to be turning in the rebels favour, as the Burmese retook their city, street by street. 2 Corinthians 5:14–21. The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burmese_Declaration_of_Independence&oldid=971430985, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 August 2020, at 03:13. The Burmese people therefore, by this solemn declaration now made in their name and in accordance with their national will by a Constituent Assembly representing them, publicly proclaim that this day forever Burma is a full independent and sovereign State and that she has severed herself completely from Britain and the British Empire. Despite an attempt to hold the Native Infantry Barracks and the Artillery Barracks, the British were pinned being attacked from two sides, both by militias marching on the city from the north and from local riots within the city to their south. "Even the Burmese military regime and some political groups did not support the declaration of Shan State Independence, but some Karen, Mon and Karenni organizations have upheld with Shan leaders. Around the same time representatives of the provisional Azad Hind government in India, most notably the Hindustan Republican Army as well as the vast community of Bengali nationalists who lived in exile in Burma, ramped up their efforts to smuggle arms and advisors into Burma, preparing the kindling for a revolt. The Burmese Declaration of Independence (Burmese: လွတ်လပ်ရေးကြေညာစာတမ်း) was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma (now Myanmar). Related Essays. While the provisional government won hearts and minds, it soon became apparent that it had massively overpromised what it was capable of achieving in such a short time. Failed uprisings took place in both northern Tharrawaddy and near Meiktila, as the rebels strove to connect the two forces in Mandalay and Rangoon. While they did not face the same gruesome fate as U Ottama, the British nevertheless came down hard on these rebellious Sangha. In the 19th century, following three Anglo-Burmese Wars, Burma was colonized by Britain. During the 18th century, Burma expansionism mostly focused on areas occupied by Chinese forces. A large, impromptu ceremony was held within the Government House in Rangoon, wherein several prominent politicians such as Chit Hlaing and U Ba Pe, alongside several militia captains and revolutionary demagogues took to the stage in turn, each describing their hopes and dreams for the Burmese nation, as vast banners were unfurled from the nearby balconies. Just after the Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, the post independence Burmese Government was overthrown and the military took control of the State. Even very pacifistic monks agreed to this strategy following U Ottama's declaration of support for the Indian revolt and the "Red Summer", shortly before his death. Finally, the full text of the declaration was read out by Chit Hlaing, beginning by stating that "In the Burmese year of 1286, on Sunday, January 4th, 1925, with the grace and blessings of the 10th Lunar Month, our country of Burma became a free and sovereign republic". This list may not reflect recent changes (). She proudly occupied that place throughout a very long stretch of unbroken history, during which her glory shone like the sun and the moon in the heavens. Although the verse declaring that "We hold these truths to be self-evident" is more well-known, the opening salvo of the Declaration of Independence is especially worthy of reflection today: . Notably, it declined to join the British Commonwealth. Here's how you say it. The other two guns had been swiftly evacuated to the Examination Battery on Dry Tree Point, along the Rangoon River, where they would continue firing upon the city as the British forces evacuated to Syriam. In the cities of Pegu and Shwebo, local monks attempted to lead somewhat peaceful campaigns of non-cooperation, and encourage native soldiers to defect. Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. "Deep State" Declaration of Independence subtitles. A Message on U.S. The PBF disbanded when a new Burmese army was formed as part of The 5 Battalions of the Burma Rifles. While many of the political elites and officer corps among the ethnic minorities had backed the British, barring a few notable defections, that had prevented the commoners and local tribes from taking up arms against their oppressors. The document was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung,[1] U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. All of this was also complimented by the GCBA and GCSS's vast network of Wunthanu Athin, rural political societies that could easily relay messages and coordinate actions between the nationalists. The king of Burma renounced the throne in 2256 due to the internal threat, which resulted in the Burmese declaration of independence, but his Thai counterpart didn't and continued fighting till the spring offensive in the beginning of 2257, in which the Thai king renounced too … The Indian Ceasefire and decline of the conflict. The local garrison seemed confident in its ability to keep the peace, but news from Rangoon and Bengal rattled the local officers. https://kaiserreich.fandom.com/wiki/Burmese_Revolt?oldid=21456. The University Strike of 1920 would push the limits on Craddock's administration, and he faced frequent pushback from more liberal members of the Indian Civil Service, as well as the Governor's Legislative Council. Burma's Fight for Ethnic and Religious Freedom Villagers swiftly responded by lynching British appointed village headsmen, triggering even stronger reactions from the British. The Kachin Independence Army has put its troops on high alert as Burmese government plans to build a road close to its territory threaten to spark fighting. An artistic depiction of the ceremony in the Government House. Burma also declares herself to be a brother in arms to the government of Free India. As such, after hearing the news of Viceroy Isaacs Rufus decree of martial law, Craddock wasted no time in implementing the policy within the Province of Burma, to massive outrage. On January 4th, the rebel seized the Government House, which served as the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor and one of the main nerve centres of the colonial administration. It is the most Popular Celebration Day in Myanmar and Myanmar Peoples. Events such as the Burmese Shoe Scandal, protests in the aftermath of the Government of India Act's failure to pass the British parliament and after the implementation of martial law in Burma, as well as the University Strike of 1920 gave Burmese citizens their first experiences in taking direct political action and making their voices heard. Several nations and political blocs with anti-colonial leanings, such as the Empire of Japan and the Third International, consider the war to have been won by the Burmese, but the British Empire and its political allies in the western world claim that it is still ongoing, as no definitive peace was ever agreed upon by either side of the conflict. The Government House in Rangoon, where the Burmese Declaration of Independence was read, and the site of the President's official residence. Declaration of Independence worksheets and online activities. The GCBA leadership could recognize the similarity of this situation to their own break with the YMBA, over its inaction in the 1920 University Strike, years prior. Yar Kyar was a GCBA member who promoted the idea that it was Burma's mythical destiny to throw off the yokes of imperialism, likening the rebels to the mythical bird Garuda, locally known as Galon, and the British to Galon's natural enemy, the Naga. BURMA ISSUED UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION Declaration of Independence by Ba Maw Government Hyphen-Hole Perforations 1943 1C 3C 5C Perforated 11 1 C3 Burmese Girl Carrying Water Jug and Other Designs 1943 1 C2 3 5 C10 15 20C 30C 1 R2 5C It was a multipartisan effort between the several different political groups to create a secret instrument of armed revolt against the British. Republic of Burma Indian Volunteers She enters into this free and equal partnership so that by the united resources, will and work of Asia, a whole new political order and economy may be established as a part of a world order which will ensure peace, justice and prosperity to all peoples". Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. The new flag of Burma, similarly to the Declaration of Independence, had already been drafted in the months prior. The date celebrates Myanmar's Declaration of Independence … For the United States, it’s the Declaration of Independence. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. The spark for this revolution came suddenly, after Lieutenant-Governor Reginald Craddock approved a measure to assassinate the radical monk U Ottama, who had long been acting as the unofficial bridge between the Indian and Burmese nationalists movement. Advertisement - story continues below Since independence from Britain, armed groups avowing to represent the interests of ethnic minorities (and, earlier, communists) have been taking up arms against Burma’s central government. Additionally, the Burmese rebels struggled to coordinate with local groups, as factionalism and regionalism intensified. Members of the Ye Tat and the nascent Tatmadaw, photographed shortly before the Rangoon Arsenal Raid. Some Burmese saw the rise of Japan as an opportunity to gain independence from Britain, and when the conflict started, Ba Maw formed the Burma Independence Army in Japan. After the declaration of independence, in 1962, the military led by General Ne Win took control of Myanmar again through a coup d etat. This special holiday holds a great significance in the history of Myanmar, as it marks the date in 1948 when Myanmar declared its independence from Britain. The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. The Independence Day of Myanmar ( Burma) is a national holiday and commemorates it's Declaration of Independence from the British monarchy on January 4, 1948. This special holiday holds a great significance in the history of Myanmar, as it marks the date in 1948 when Myanmar declared its independence from Britain. Despite British efforts to quell this dissent and to reinforce the arsenal, they couldn't stop the armoury from being seized by the rebels, giving the Burmese forces a massive advantage to rapidly consolidate their movement and arm themselves in preparation for seizing Rangoon. Chaos ensued over the following weeks, as from December 24th the British forces went on utmost alert, targeting civilian and militia member alike in a ruthless attempt to supress the insurrection. There had been initiatives dating back to the era of the YMBA, promoting communal activities for Burmese youth, but the Ye Tat’s purpose was to clandestinely build social cohesion and to instill both patriotism as well as military training in Burmese youths. However, independence didn't come free as U Nu had to agree that he would not nationalize British companies in Burma, such as Burmah Oil Company.This led to the Communist Party of Burma protesting that we might have gotten the national independence, but we didn't get the economic independence and went guerrilla against the government in the same year. See more ideas about Burmese language, Burmese, Language. The rest of the declaration was interspersed with various statements praising the solidarity and zeal of the Burmese people, and the condemning the era of British Imperialism, such as noting how "The Burmese national spirit remained uncorrupted by the darkness of those years. Eventually though, a clique of student radicals and monks of the GCSS seized the reigns of power, delivering fiery speeches at several impromptu GCBA meetings, where they declared that the British would try to stomp them out no matter what. Craddock was a step beyond Butler, however. Three coloured stripes of Yellow, Green and Red, which held historical, cultural and religious significance, accompanied by the symbol of a Peacock. Meanwhile, a patchwork of insurrections took shape across the rural countryside as the Wunthanu Athin linked up together, despite no instructions from the GCBA's leadership. The GCBA refused to play the role of the stagnant leadership that refused to endorse the next step in Burma's political revolution, and so the the "Uncrowned King of Burma" Chit Hlaing, gave his blessing to organizing a revolutionary militia and to create a provisional government for a Free Burma, which he'd go on to serve in as President and Commander in Chief. After two decades of military rule, an opposition figure rose out of the ranks and began a campaign to remove the military from power. The document was jointly penned by Zawgyi, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung,[1] U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. The oath of solidarity with India became the most controversial element of the declaration, and Nationalist Party politicians had previously denounced how Indian advisors had "forcefully" inserted it into the text. A draft of which had been circulating around the nationalist movement ever since mid-October, the previous year, and many of Burma's foremost intellectuals and artists had lent their wisdom and creativity to forge the document which would come to define the reborn nation. Chit Hlaing recognized however that morale on the frontlines against the European Infantry Barracks was faltering, and to declare the republic now would greatly intensify the rebels' determination and political unity. The Burmese Declaration of Independence was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma . Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Declaration of Independence, Declaration Of Independence Glasses, George Reeves Photo, Elizabeth Taylor Photo, George A. Pflaum Modern Age Independent & Small Press Comics, Actress Photo, Press Photo, Kodachrome Photo, Collectible Cabinet Photos, Marilyn Monroe Photo Combatants VI, Ch. History Edit. Gen. San’s rule was troubled by conflicts between Burma’s rival ethnic groups, but he proved a unifying force for the nationalist movement. He was interned in Mandalay Jail, but one of the major riots provided the opportunity for a vast prison break, allowing Bhupendra to escape and join his fellow Bengali exiles and his close friends among the Burmese nationalist movement. Despite these complaints however, xenophobes such as U Ba Pe and Tharrawaddy U Pu nevertheless signed their names to the declaration. [2] During World War II, the Japanese government advanced its previously vague promise to grant Burma independence after the end of the war. This campaign was painted in explicitly populist terms, hoping to appeal to the peasantry and ethnic minorities in the rural sections of the country, such as by promising vast reforms of the Thatthameda land tax. 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